Biological Checmicals, Nutritions, and Health

Materials

Test tube racks, hot plate, 400 mL beaker, 3 test tubes, onion juice, potato juice, Benedict's Reagent, distilled water, Lugol's iodine, extracts of flour, cream, coconut, margarine, filter paper, pencils, dedicated Pasteur Pipet, water bath, Biuret's Agent, egg white, chicken broth, SuSO4, wax pencils, gelatin, Lite and Regular Pancake Syrup, Instant and Ground coffee, honey, olive oil, and peanut oil

Procedure:

1.) Fill the first three tubes with the appropriate carbohydrates and Benedict's Reagent.

2.) Heat the beakers for three minutes in boiling water and then observe them in a rack.

3.) Fill three tubes with starches and the appropriate amount of Lugol's Iodine.

4.) Simply observe the color changes and make estimates about what this means for starches.

5.) Mark each fat and lipid with the appropriate marker for the type it is on a piece of filter paper.

6.) Put the pieces of filter paper on the correct Pasteur Piper.

7.) Put the chemicals on the paper and allow them to dry. 

8.) Soak the pieces of paper in Sudan III and remove the papers. Allow them to dry in a water bath for 1 minute. Observe which chemicals had fats.

9.) Ad 1 dropper of egg white, chicken broth, and water to different tubes. Add in 1 dropper of Biuret's Reagent and mix the solutions together in each tube.

10.) Observe if the colors change from blue to violet. The ones that do contain protein.

11.) Each bench has unknown beakers. Conduct the tests on each beaker to figure out what chemicals are in each. 

12.) Use the software program on one of the computers to find the dietary value of one of your favorite meals in the past three days.

13.) Reflect upon the lab and what you have learned.

Gel Electrophoresis and Proteins

Materials

Gel apparatus

Gel Electrophoresis

Blood Types

Bracelets

Beads

Computer Program

Procedure

1.) Begin lab by dropping blood samples into the wells of the gel apparatus.

2.) Take the gel apparatus and put it into the gel electrophoresis.

3.) Come back to the class and get a computer generated DNA strand.

4.) Find the corresponding mRNA, tRNA, and amino acid.

5.) Once finding the amino acid, build a protein chain by attaching beads to the strand supplied earlier in the lab.

6.) Take apart the protein chain and put the beads back into their containers.

7.) Take out the gel apparatus after 40 minutes and observe how the different strands of blood have traveled through the apparatus.

Onion DNA Preparation

Materials:

Hot water bath

Diced onion

Homogenizing Solution

Beakers

Blender

Cold Bath

Cheesecloth

Procedure:

1.) Weight out 50g of diced onions and transfer it to a bigger beaker.

2.) Add 100ml of homogenizing medium and incubate in bath water for 15 minutes.

3.) Cool the mixture in an ice bath to 20 degrees celsius.

4.) Homogenize in the blender for 3-5 second intervals at low speeds.

5.) Pour into 1000 ml beaker and place in ice bath for 15-20 min.

6.) Filter the mixture through 4 layers of cheesecloth into a 250 ml beaker. Leave the foam behind.

7.) Dispose of your onion remains in the trash.

8.) Add 2 ml of Chloroform to the homogenate with a 5 ml pipette.

9.) Swirl the flask gently.

10.) Pour the homogenate into another 125 Erlenmeyer flask and leave the chloroform and protein layers on the  bottom. Rinse the flask carefully and use again.

11.) After the deproteinization, pour the solution in a 125 Erlenmeyer flask. Decant, making sure there are no proteins or chloroform in the homogenate even at the risk of leaving some homogenate behind.

12.) Pour the waste chloroform into a labeled waste bottle on the side bench. Do not pour down the drain.

13.) Place the beaker with the homogenate in an ice bath and cool until it reaches 10 to 15 degrees celsius.

14.) Slowly add ice-cold ETOH down the side of the beaker.

15.) Spool out and wind the stringy DNA on a glass rod by rotating the rod in one direction in the beaker.

16.) Interpret the results.

Genetic Architecture and Karyology

Procedure:
1.) Build Rebops according to their phenotype you choose.
2.) Find your Rebop's parents based on their genetic phentypic and genotypic traits.
3.) Mate the Rebops and spread the traits accordingly.
4.) Match the chromosomes on the webpage by picking out the homologous pairs.

Materials:
Pipe cleaners
Eyes
longer pins
styrofoam head
toothpicks
pushpins
computer
envelopes

Cell Division and Mitosis

Materials:
Prepared Slides
squashed onions
Microscope
Pipe cleaners
Plastic rings
Procedure:
1.) Brainstorm about mitosis and how the procedure might happen
2.) Examine the wet mount slides and identify the mitosis occurring
3.) Stain cells that are undergoing mitosis.
4.) Examine the different stages of mitosis with the plastic rings and pipe cleaners
5.) Make drawings of the different stages of the cells

Chapter 3: Diffusion and Omsosis

Materials:
Elodea plants
cheap perfume
Methylene Blue
IKI
thistle tube
thermometer
Solutions of Water

Process:
1.) Brainstorm solutions and explanations for selectively permeable membranes.
2.) Observe diffusion with a charcoal solution.
3.) Spray perfume and observe how long it takes for the solution to travel across the room.
4.) Put IKI and Methylene Blue into an agar and observe which solution dissolves more into the solid agar.
5.) Subject different elodea cells to different concentrations of water solutions and observe how the water diffuses into and out of the cells.
6.) Analyze the data you have collected.

Biology Lab Week 3

Materials:

potato

sweet potato

yam

rudebaga

apple

pear

microscope

Procedure

1.) Brainstorm different procedures on how we are going to examine and look for glucose in cells.

2.) Brainstorm the outcomes we expect from our procedures and write them down.

3. )While photosynthesis is occurring, examine the cross-section of plants and identify structures and label what process they play in the photosynthesis.

4.) Examine all of the storage products with this goal.

5.) Observe the different colors of the pigments and the distance of the gases that left the cells.

6.) Analyze the data and share it with the class.